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Abstract: The regime of preliminary rulings is central to the judicial architecture of the EU. National courts of final resort have a duty to refer to the CJEU when a decision on a question of EU law raised is necessary for the resolution of the case before it. The exceptions to this duty are closely circumscribed. This article considers the interrelationship of the Advocate General and the Court of Justice in delineating the nature of this duty and the exceptions to it.
Keywords: acte clair; preliminary rulings; interpretation; application; judicial reasoning
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